Footnotes:

1. [The Debates in the Several State Conventions of the Adoption of the Federal Constitution vol. 1 [1827] Jonathan Elliot, p.475, The Online Library of Liberty A Project Of Liberty Fund, Inc., A Project Of Liberty Fund, Inc.]

2. [The Debates in the Several State Conventions of the Adoption of the Federal Constitution vol. 2 [1827] Jonathan Elliot, p.10, The Online Library of Liberty A Project Of Liberty Fund, Inc., A Project Of Liberty Fund, Inc.]

3. [The Debates in the Several State Conventions of the Adoption of the Federal Constitution vol. 2 [1827] Jonathan Elliot, p.287, The Online Library of Liberty A Project Of Liberty Fund, Inc., A Project Of Liberty Fund, Inc.]

4. Witherspoon, John. Roger Schultz, "Covenanting in America: The Political Theology of John Witherspoon," Master's Thesis, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, Deerfield, Illinois, 1985, pp. 136-137. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, A Mott Media Book, 1987, 6th printing 1993), p. 88.

5. Washington, George. Daily Sacrifice, a devotional book credited to have been prepared by Washington for his own use. This book, along with remarkable items belonging to George Washington, Bushrod C. Washington (his nephew who became a U.S. Supreme Court Justice and vice-president of the American Sunday School Union), Lawrence Washington, Thomas B. Washington, and J.R.C. Lewis were sold at an auction in Philadelphia on April 21, 22, 23, 1891. W. Herbert Burk, Washington's Prayers (1907), p. 13. Experts in Washington City, Philadelphia and New York are satisfied that it is Washington's handwriting without a doubt. William J. Johnson, George Washington - The Christian (St. Paul, MN: William J. Johnson, Merriam Park, February 23, 1919; Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1919; reprinted Milford, MI: Mott Media, 1976; reprinted Arlington Heights, IL: Christian Liberty Press, 502 West Euclid Avenue, Arlington Heights, Illinois, 60004, 1992), pp. 23, 277.

6. Washington, George. 1752, Daily Sacrifice, a 24 page devotional book credited to have been prepared by Washington for his own use. This book, along with remarkable items belonging to George Washington, Bushrod C. Washington (his nephew who became a U.S. Supreme Court Justice and vice-president of the American Sunday School Union), Lawrence Washington, Thomas B. Washington, and J.R.C. Lewis were sold at an auction in Philadelphia on April 21, 22, 23, 1891. J.M. Toner, Washington's Barbados Journal, 1751-2. W. Herbert Burk, B.D., Washington's Prayers (Norristown, PA: Published for the Benefit of the Washington Memorial Chapel, 1907), pp. 87-95. William J. Johnson, George Washington - The Christian (St. Paul, MN: William J. Johnson, Merriam Park, February 23, 1919; Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1919; reprinted Milford, MI: Mott Media, 1976; reprinted Arlington Heights, IL: Christian Liberty Press, 502 West Euclid Avenue, Arlington Heights, Illinois, 60004, 1992), pp. 23-36. Tim LaHaye, Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Brentwood, TN: Wolgemuth & Hyatt, Publishers, Inc., 1987), pp. 111-113.

7. Washington, George, July 13, 1754, at the funeral service for General Braddock. E.C. M'guire, The Religious Opinions and Character of Washington (1836), p. 137. (E.C. M'Guire was the son-in-law of Mr. Robert Lewis, Washington's nephew and private secretary.) William J. Johnson, George Washington - The Christian (St. Paul, MN: William J. Johnson, Merriam Park, February 23, 1919; Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1919; reprinted Milford, MI: Mott Media, 1976; reprinted Arlington Heights, IL: Christian Liberty Press, 502 West Euclid Avenue, Arlington Heights, Illinois, 60004, 1992), p. 40.

8. Washington, George. July 18, 1755. George Washington, in a letter to his brother. Jared Sparks, ed., The Writings of George Washington 12 vols. (Boston: American Stationer's Company, 1837, NY: F. Andrew's, 1834-1847), Vol. II, p. 89. Joseph Banvard, Tragic Scenes in the History of Maryland and the Old French War (Boston: Gould and Lincoln, 1856), p. 153.  George Washington, Programs and Papers (Washington: U.S. George Washington Bicentennial Commission, 1932), p. 33. William J. Johnson, George Washington - The Christian (St. Paul, MN: William J. Johnson, Merriam Park, February 23, 1919; Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1919; reprinted Milford, MI: Mott Media, 1976; reprinted Arlington Heights, IL: Christian Liberty Press, 502 West Euclid Avenue, Arlington Heights, Illinois, 60004, 1992), p. 40. John F. Schroeder, ed., Maxims of Washington (Mt. Vernon: Mt. Vernon Ladies' Association, 1942), p. 275. Tim LaHaye, Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Brentwood, TN: Wolgemuth & Hyatt, Publishers, Inc., 1987), pp. 102-104.

9. Washington, George. 1770. George Washington Parke Custis, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, Benson J. Lossing, editor, (1860), p. 303; narrative, told by Dr. Craik to Mr. George Washington Parke Custis, first published in 1828. [Mr. George Washington Parke Custis (1781-1857), was the son of John Parke Custis, and the grandson of Daniel Parke and Martha Dandridge Custis. After Daniel Parke Custis' death, George Washington married Martha in 1759.  After Martha's son, John Parke Custis, died November 5, 1781, of a violent case of campfever while serving as an aide-de-camp during the siege of Yorktown, George Washington, who had no children of his own, adopted the fatherless children, Eleanor Parke "Nellie" Custis and George Washington Parke Custis, as his own. They lived at Mount Vernon with George and Martha Washington as their children. Mr. George Washington Parke Custis, who was nineteen years old when George Washington died, lived to the age of 77 and is considered one of the most reliable authorities on George Washington's private life. He later built a mansion, which stands on the site of the present Arlington National Cemetery; and in 1831, his daughter, Mary Ann Randolph Custis, married a young West Point graduate, by the name of Robert E. Lee. Lee's father was the Revolutionary War hero, "Light-Horse Harry" Lee, who authored the famous epitaph of George Washington, "First in war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his countrymen."] William J. Johnson, George Washington - The Christian (St. Paul, MN: William J. Johnson, Merriam Park, February 23, 1919; Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1919; reprinted Milford, MI: Mott Media, 1976; reprinted Arlington Heights, IL: Christian Liberty Press, 502 West Euclid Avenue, Arlington Heights, Illinois, 60004, 1992), pp. 41-42. Peter Marshall and David Manuel, The Light and the Glory (Old Tappan, NJ: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1977), p. 285-286. Denise Williamson, "Wilderness Fight" (Colorado Springs, CO: Focus on the Family Clubhouse, July 1994), p. 14; referencing the testimony of Billy Brown, who in 1825, at the age of 93 recounted the incident with a historian.

10. Washington, George. 1770. David Barton, The Bulletproof George Washington (Aledo, TX: Wall Builder, Inc., Winter, 1993), p. 49.

11. Washington, George. 1770. Report of Mary Draper Ingels of Draper Meadows, Virginia, as recounted in her biography. David Barton, The Bulletproof George Washington (Aledo, TX: Wall Builder, Inc., Winter, 1993), p. 49.

12. Washington, George.  February 2, 1756, in a letter to Governor Dinwiddie written from Alexandria, Virginia.  Jared Sparks, ed., The Writings of George Washington 12 vols. (Boston: American Stationer's Company, 1837; NY: F. Andrew's, 1834-1847), Vol. II, p. 132. William J. Johnson, George Washington - The Christian (St. Paul, MN: William J. Johnson, Merriam Park, February 23, 1919; Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1919; reprinted Milford, MI: Mott Media, 1976; reprinted Arlington Heights, IL: Christian Liberty Press, 502 West Euclid Avenue, Arlington Heights, Illinois, 60004, 1992), p. 42.

13. Washington, George.  April 18, 1756, in a letter to Governor Dinwiddie written from Winchester, Virginia.  Jared Sparks, ed., The Writings of George Washington 12 vols. (Boston: American Stationer's Company, 1837; NY: F. Andrew's, 1834-1847), Vol. II, p. 141. William J. Johnson, George Washington - The Christian (St. Paul, MN: William J. Johnson, Merriam Park, February 23, 1919; Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1919; reprinted Milford, MI: Mott Media, 1976; reprinted Arlington Heights, IL: Christian Liberty Press, 502 West Euclid Avenue, Arlington Heights, Illinois, 60004, 1992), p. 43.

14. Washington, George. June of 1756, in an order issued while at Fort Cumberland. Extract from Orderly Book, written at Fort Cumberland. Jared Sparks, ed., The Writings of George Washington 12 vols. (Boston: American Stationer's Company, 1837; NY: F. Andrew's, 1834-1847), Vol. II, p. 167. William J. Johnson, George Washington - The Christian (St. Paul, MN: William J. Johnson, Merriam Park, February 23, 1919; Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1919; reprinted Milford, MI: Mott Media, 1976; reprinted Arlington Heights, IL: Christian Liberty Press, 502 West Euclid Avenue, Arlington Heights, Illinois, 60004, 1992), p. 44.

15. Washington, George.  June 17, 1775, diary entry of Amos Farnsworth.  Amos Farnsworth, "Diary," Dr. Samuel A, Greene, ed., Massachusetts Historical Society Proceedings, 2nd Series, Vol. XII (1899), p. 84. Henry Steele Commager and Richard B. Morris, eds., The Spirit of 'Seventy-Six (NY: Bobbs-Merrill Co., Inc., 1958, reprinted, NY: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1967), p. 122. Peter Marshall & David Manuel, The Glory of America (Bloomington, MN: Garborg's Heart 'N Home, 1991), 6.17.

16. Washington, George. July 13, 1775, in a letter from Jonathan Trumbull to General Washington. Verna M. Hall and Rosalie J. Slater, The Christian History of the American Revolution - Consider and Ponder (San Francisco, CA: Foundation for American Christian Education, 1976), p. 511. Peter Marshall and David Manuel, The Glory of America (Bloomington, MN: Garborg's Heart'N Home, Inc., 1991), 7.13. Jared Sparks, ed., Correspondence of the American Revolution - being Letters of Eminent Men to George Washington from the time of his Taking Command of the Army to the End of his Presidency, 4 vols. (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1853), Vol. I, pp. 2-3. Douglas Southall Freeman, George Washington, 6 vols. (NY: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1948-1954), Vol. III, pp. 503-504.

17. Washington, George. Winter of 1777, Washington's Prayer at Valley Forge as observed by Isaac Potts, recounted by his wife, Ruth Anna Potts. William Herbert Burk, D.D., The Washington Window in the Washington Memorial Chapel of Valley Forge, p. 25. William J. Johnson, George Washington - The Christian (St. Paul, MN: William J. Johnson, Merriam Park, February 23, 1919; Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1919; reprinted Milford, MI: Mott Media, 1976; reprinted Arlington Heights, IL: Christian Liberty Press, 502 West Euclid Avenue, Arlington Heights, Illinois, 60004, 1992), pp. 102-107. Peter Marshall and David Manuel, The Light and the Glory (Old Tappan, NJ: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1977), p. 323. J.T. Headly, The Illustrated Life of Washington, pp. 307-308. Stephen Abbott Northrop, D.D., A Cloud of Witnesses (Portland, OR: American Heritage Ministries, 1987; Mantle Ministries, 228 Still Ridge, Bulverde, Texas), pp. 487-488. Mason Locke Weems, The Life of George Washington; with Curious Anecdotes, Equally Honourable to Himself, and Exemplary to His Young Countrymen (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1800, 1809 edition; reprinted 1962), pp. 181-182: "In the winter of '77, while Washington, with the American army lay encamped at Valley Forge, a certain good old friend, of the respectable family and name of Potts, if I mistake not, had occasion to pass through the woods near headquarters. Treading his way along the venerable grove, suddenly he heard the sound of a human voice, which as he advanced increased on his ear, and at length became like the voice of one speaking much in earnest. As he approached the spot with a cautious step, whom should he behold, in a dark natural bower of ancient oak, but the commander in chief of the American armies on his knees at prayer! Motionless with surprise, friend Potts continued on the place till the general, having ended his devotions, arose, and with a countenance of angel serenity, retired to headquarters: friend Potts then went home, and on entering his parlour called out to his wife, 'Sarah, my dear! All's well! all's well! George Washington will yet prevail!' "'What's the matter, Isaac?' replied she; 'thee seems moved.' "'Well, if I seem moved, 'tis no more than what I am. I have this day seen what I never expected. Thee knows that I always thought the sword and the gospel utterly inconsistent; and that no man could be a soldier and a Christian at the same time. But George Washington has this day convinced me of my mistake.' "He then related what he had seen, and concluded with this prophetical remark - 'If George Washington be not a man of God, I am greatly deceived - and still more shall I be deceived if God does not, through him, work out a great salvation for America.'" Rev. E.C. M'Guire (son-in-law of Mr. Robert Lewis, the nephew and private secretary of Washington), The Religious Opinions and Character of Washington (1836), pp. 158-159: records that in 1832, Devault Beaver, who was 80 years old, claimed to have received the account directly from Isaac Potts; Dr. James Ross Snowden, whose father knew Isaac Potts, gave a similar account; Benson J. Lossing also gave a confirming account; General Knox, Washington's associate at Valley Forge, mentioned that Washington frequently used a grove in the area for prayer. Theodore Wm. John Wylie, Washington - A Christian (1862), pp. 28-29.  Benjamin J. Lossing, The Pictorial Field-Book of the Revolution, 2 vols. (1860), Vol. II, p. 130. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, A Mott Media Book, 1987, 6th printing 1993), pp. 113-114. Peter Marshall & David Manuel, The Glory of America (Bloomington, MN: Garborg's Heart 'N Home, 1991), 3.1.

18. Washington, George. Theodore G. Tappert and John W. Doberstern, trans. and ed., Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, The Notebook of a Colonial Clergyman (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1975), p. 195. Peter Marshall and David Manuel, The Light and the Glory (Old Tappan, NJ: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1977), p. 323.

19. Washington, George. May 5, 1778, orders issued from the headquarters at Valley Forge upon receiving intelligence that France had joined the War on the side of the Colonies. Henry Whiting, Revolutionary Orders of General Washington, selected from MSS. of John Whiting (1844), p. 77. William J. Johnson, George Washington - The Christian (St. Paul, MN: William J. Johnson, Merriam Park, February 23, 1919; Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1919; reprinted Milford, MI: Mott Media, 1976; reprinted Arlington Heights, IL: Christian Liberty Press, 502 West Euclid Avenue, Arlington Heights, Illinois, 60004, 1992), pp. 112-113. Charles E. Kistler, This Nation Under God (Boston: Richard G. Badger, The Gorham Press, 1924), pp. 74-75. Peter Marshall and David Manuel, The Light and the Glory (Old Tappan, NJ: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1977), p. 326.

20. Washington, George. June 8, 1783, original source of prayer is the concluding paragraph in Washington's farewell circular letter sent to the governors of the thirteen states from his headquarters in Newburgh, New York. This version is used at Pohick Church, Fairfax County, Virginia, where Washington was a vestryman from 1762-1784. It also appears on a plaque in St. Paul's Chapel in New York City. Tim LaHaye, Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Brentwood, TN: Wolgemuth & Publishers, Inc., 1987), pp. xi-xii. John F. Schroeder, ed., Maxims of Washington (Mt. Vernon: Mt. Vernon Ladies' Associations, 1942), p. 299. Tim LaHaye, Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Brentwood, TN: Wolgemuth & Hyatt, Publishers, Inc., 1987), pp. 108-109. George Otis, The Solution to the Crisis in America, Revised and Enlarged Edition (Van Nuys, CA.: Fleming H. Revell Company; Bible Voice, Inc., 1970, 1972, foreword by Pat Boone), p. 55.

21. Washington, George. May 10, 1786, in a letter written from Mount Vernon to Marquis de Lafayette. William Barclay Allen, ed., George Washington - A Collection (Indianapolis: Liberty Classics, Liberty Fund, Inc., 7440 N. Shadeland, Indianapolis, Indiana 46250, 1988; based almost entirely on materials reproduced from The Writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745-1799/John Clement Fitzpatrick, editor), p. 322. John Clement Fitzpatrick, ed., The Writings of George Washington, from the Original Manuscript Sources 1749-1799, 39 vols. (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1931-1944).

22. Washington, George. April 30, 1789. In the President's Oath of Office given at his inauguration. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and The Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Baker Book House, 1987), p. 117. The World Book Encyclopedia 22 vols. (Chicago, IL: Field Enterprises Educational Corporation, 1976; Field Enterprises, Inc., 1957; W.F. Quarrie and Company, 8 vols., 1917), Vol. 21, p. 79. Edmund Fuller and David E. Green, God in the White House - The Faiths of American Presidents (NY: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1968), p. 15. Lucille Johnston, Celebrations of a Nation (Arlington, VA: The Year of Thanksgiving Foundation, 1987), p. 142. Pat Robertson, America's Dates with Destiny (Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1986), p. 102.

23. Washington, George. April 30, 1789, in his Inaugural Address. Charles W. Eliot, LL.D., ed., American Historical Documents 1000-1904 (New York: P.F. Collier & Son Company, The Harvard Classics, 1910), Vol. 43, pp. 241-245. Charles E. Kistler, This Nation under God (Boston: Richard G. Badger, The Gorham Press, 1924), p. 97. William J. Johnson, George Washington - The Christian (St. Paul, MN: William J. Johnson, Merriam Park, February 23, 1919; Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1919; reprinted Milford, MI: Mott Media, 1976; reprinted Arlington Heights, IL: Christian Liberty Press, 502 West Euclid Avenue, Arlington Heights, Illinois, 60004, 1992), pp. 161-162. Peter Marshall and David Manuel, The Light and the Glory (Old Tappan, NJ: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1977), p. 349. John W. Whitehead, The Separation Illusion (Milford, MI: Mott Media, 1977), p. 123. Deuteronomy 28. Gary DeMar, God and Government (Atlanta, GA: American Vision Press, 1984), p. 170. Tim LaHaye, Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Brentwood, TN: Wolgemuth & Hyatt, Publishers, Inc., 1987), pp. 63-64. Genesis 49:22-25a.

24. Washington, George. April 30, 1789, Thursday, in his First Inaugural Address. National Archives, Original work and facsimile, (complete text), No. 22 (Washington: 1952). Jared Sparks, ed., The Writings of George Washington 12 vols. (Boston: American Stationer's Company, 1837, NY: F. Andrew's, 1834-1847), Vol. XII, pp. 2-5. James D. Richardson (U.S. Representative from Tennessee), ed., A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents 1789-1897, 10 vols. (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, published by Authority of Congress, 1897, 1899; Washington, D.C.: Bureau of National Literature and Art, 1789-1902, 11 vols., 1907, 1910), Vol. 1, pp. 52-53. Inaugural Addresses of the Presidents of the United States - From George Washington 1789 to Richard Milhous Nixon 1969 (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office; 91st Congress, 1st Session, House Document 91-142, 1969), pp. 1-4. Charles W. Eliot, LL.D., ed., American Historical Documents 1000-1904 (New York: P.F. Collier & Son Company, The Harvard Classics, 1910), Vol. 43, pp. 241-245. William J. Johnson, George Washington - The Christian (St. Paul, MN: William J. Johnson, Merriam Park, February 23, 1919; Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1919; reprinted Milford, MI: Mott Media, 1976; reprinted Arlington Heights, IL: Christian Liberty Press, 502 West Euclid Avenue, Arlington Heights, Illinois, 60004, 1992), pp. 161-162. John Clement Fitzpatrick, ed., The Writings of George Washington, from the Original Manuscript Sources 1749-1799, 39 vols. (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1931-1944), Vol. XXX, pp. 291-296. William Barclay Allen, ed., George Washington - A Collection (Indianapolis: Liberty Classics, Liberty Fund, Inc., 7440 N. Shadeland, Indianapolis, Indiana 46250, 1988; based almost entirely on materials reproduced from The Writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745-1799/John Clement Fitzpatrick, editor), pp. 460-463. John F. Schroeder, ed., Maxims of Washington (Mt. Vernon: Mt. Vernon Ladies' Association, 1942), pp. 287-288. Saxe Commins, ed., The Basic Writings of George Washington (NY: Random House, 1948), complete work, pp. 599-602. Frederick C. Packard, Jr., ed., Are You an American? - Great Americans Speak (NY: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1951), pp. 14-18. Paul M. Angle, ed., By These Words (NY: Rand McNally & Company, 1954), pp. 128-131. Davis Newton Lott, The Inaugural Addresses of the American Presidents (NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1961), p. 3-5. Charles E. Rice, The Supreme Court and Public Prayer (New York: Fordham University Press, 1964), p. 177-178. Daniel Boorstin, Jr., ed., An American Primer (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1966), complete work, pp. 172-174. Henry Steele Commager, ed., Documents of American History, 2 vols. (NY: F.S. Crofts and Company, 1934; Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., 1948, 6th edition, 1958; Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc., 9th edition, 1973), Vol. I, pp. 152-154. Gary DeMar, God and Government, A Biblical and Historical Study (Atlanta, GA: American Vision Press, 1984), p. 127-28. Pat Robertson, America's Dates With Destiny (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1986), p. 104. Tim LaHaye, Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Brentwood, TN: Wolgemuth & Hyatt, Publishers, Inc., 1987), pp. 63-64, 107. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, A Mott Media Book, 1987, 6th printing 1993), pp. 117, 123. "Our Christian Heritage," Letter from Plymouth Rock (Marlborough, NH: The Plymouth Rock Foundation), p. 4. D.P. Diffine, Ph.D., One Nation Under God - How Close a Separation? (Searcy, Arkansas: Harding University, Belden Center for Private Enterprise Education, 6th edition, 1992), p. 2. J. Michael Sharman, J.D., Faith of the Fathers (Culpepper, Virginia: Victory Publishing, 1995), pp. 18-19.

25. Washington, George. May 7, 1789, in an address from the United States Senate delivered to President George Washington and Vice-President John Adams. James D. Richardson (U.S. Representative from Tennessee), ed., A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents 1789-1897, 10 vols. (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, published by Authority of Congress, 1897, 1899; Washington, D.C.: Bureau of National Literature and Art, 1789-1902, 11 vols., 1907, 1910), Vol. I, pp. 54-55. William Barclay Allen, ed., George Washington - A Collection (Indianapolis: Liberty Classics, Liberty Fund, Inc., 7440 N. Shadeland, Indianapolis, Indiana 46250, 1988; based almost entirely on materials reproduced from The Writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745-1799/John Clement Fitzpatrick, editor), pp. 463-465. John Clement Fitzpatrick, ed., The Writings of George Washington, from the Original Manuscript Sources 1749-1799, 39 vols. (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1931-1944).

26. Washington, George. September 19, 1796, in his Farewell Address. Address of George Washington, President of the United States, and Late Commander in Chief of the American Army. To the People of the United States, Preparatory to His Declination. Published in the American Daily Advertiser, Philadelphia, September, 1796.  Jared Sparks, ed., The Writings of George Washington 12 vols. (Boston: American Stationer's Company, 1837; NY: F. Andrew's, 1834-1847), Vol. XII, pp. 227-228. James D. Richardson (U.S. Representative from Tennessee), ed., A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents 1789-1897, 10 vols. (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, published by Authority of Congress, 1897, 1899; Washington, D.C.: Bureau of National Literature and Art, 1789-1902, 11 vols., 1907, 1910), Vol. 1, pp. 205-216, 220. William J. Johnson, George Washington - The Christian (St. Paul, MN: William J. Johnson, Merriam Park, February 23, 1919; Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1919; reprinted Milford, MI: Mott Media, 1976; reprinted Arlington Heights, IL: Christian Liberty Press, 502 West Euclid Avenue, Arlington Heights, Illinois, 60004, 1992), pp. 217-219. John Clement Fitzpatrick, ed., The Writings of George Washington, from the Original Manuscript Sources 1749-1799, 39 vols. (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1931-1944), Vol. 35, p. 229. Henry Steele Commager, ed., Documents of American History, 2 vols. (NY: F.S. Crofts and Company, 1934; Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., 1948, 6th edition, 1958; Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc., 9th edition, 1973), Vol. I, pp. 169-173. William Barclay Allen, ed., George Washington - A Collection (Indianapolis: Liberty Classics, Liberty Fund, Inc., 7440 N. Shadeland, Indianapolis, Indiana 46250, 1988; based almost entirely on materials reproduced from The Writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745-1799/John Clement Fitzpatrick, editor), pp. 512-527. Charles W. Eliot, LL.D., ed., American Historical Documents 1000-1904 (New York: P.F. Collier & Son Company, The Harvard Classics, 1910), Vol. 43, pp. 250-266. John F. Schroeder, ed., Maxims of Washington (Mt. Vernon: Mt. Vernon Ladies' Association, 1942), pp. 286-287. Saxe Commins, ed., The Basic Writings of George Washington (NY: Random House, 1948), complete work, pp. 636-643. Frederick C. Packard, Jr., ed., Are You an American? - Great Americans Speak (NY: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1951), p. 2. Paul M. Angle, ed., By These Words (NY: Rand McNally & Company, 1954), pp. 138, 145, 146. Richard D. Heffner, A Documentary History of the United States (New York: The New American Library of World Literature, Inc., 1961), pp. 60-67. Daniel Boorstin, Jr., ed., An American Primer (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1966), complete work, pp. 197-207. Lillian W. Kay, ed., The Ground on Which We Stand - Basic Documents of American History (NY: Franklin Watts., Inc, 1969), pp. 123-125. John Eidsmoe, God and Caesar (Westchester, IL: Crossway Books, 1984), p. 22. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, A Mott Media Book, 1987, 6th printing 1993), p. 119. Tim LaHaye, Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Brentwood, TN: Wolgemuth & Hyatt, Inc., 1987), pp. 91, 105-106. Ronald Reid, ed., Three Centuries of American Rhetorical Discourse - An Anthology and a Review (Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, Inc., 1988), pp. 187-201. William Safire, ed., Lend Me Your Ears - Great Speeches in History (NY: W.W. Norton & Company 1992), p. 359-365. D.P. Diffine, Ph.D., One Nation Under God - How Close a Separation? (Searcy, Arkansas: Harding University, 6th edition, Belden Center for Private Enterprise Education, 1992), p. 9. Rush H. Limbaugh III, See, I Told You So (New York, NY: reprinted by permission of Pocket Books, a division of Simon & Schuster Inc., 1993), pp. 73-76. Stephen McDowell and Mark Beliles, "The Providential Perspective" (Charlottesville, VA: The Providence Foundation, P.O. Box 6759, Charlottesville, Va. 22906, January 1994), Vol. 9, No. 1, p. 4.

27. Washington, George. September 19, 1796, in his Farewell Address, published in the American Daily Advertiser, Philadelphia, September, 1796. James D. Richardson (U.S. Representative from Tennessee), ed., A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents 1789-1897, 10 vols. (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, published by Authority of Congress, 1897, 1899; Washington, D.C.: Bureau of National Literature and Art, 1789-1902, 11 vols., 1907, 1910), Vol. 1, p. 213-224, September 17, 1796. John Clement Fitzpatrick, ed., The Writings of George Washington, from the Original Manuscript Sources 1749-1799, 39 vols. (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1931-1944), Vol. 35, p. 229. William Barclay Allen, ed., George Washington - A Collection (Indianapolis: Liberty Classics, Liberty Fund, Inc., 7440 N. Shadeland, Indianapolis, Indiana 46250, 1988; based almost entirely on materials reproduced from The Writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745-1799/John Clement Fitzpatrick, editor), pp. 512-527. Charles W. Eliot, LL.D., ed., American Historical Documents 1000-1904 (New York: P.F. Collier & Son Company, The Harvard Classics, 1910), Vol. 43, pp. 250-266. Tim LaHaye, Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Brentwood, TN: Wolgemuth & Hyatt, Inc., 1987), p. 91.

28. Washington, George. November 28, 1796, in a letter written from Philadelphia to his adopted son, George Washington Parke Custis. Benson J. Lossing, editor, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, by George Washington Parke Custis (1860), p. 75. William J. Johnson, George Washington - The Christian (St. Paul, MN: William J. Johnson, Merriam Park, February 23, 1919; Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1919; reprinted Milford, MI: Mott Media, 1976; reprinted Arlington Heights, IL: Christian Liberty Press, 502 West Euclid Avenue, Arlington Heights, Illinois, 60004, 1992), p. 220.

29.  Washington, George. James K. Paulding, A Life of Washington, 2 vols. (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1835; 1836), Vol. II, pp. 208-209. William J. Johnson, George Washington - The Christian (St. Paul, MN: William J. Johnson, Merriam Park, February 23, 1919; Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1919; reprinted Milford, MI: Mott Media, 1976; reprinted Arlington Heights, IL: Christian Liberty Press, 502 West Euclid Avenue, Arlington Heights, Illinois, 60004, 1992), pp. 263-264. John F. Schroeder, ed., Maxims of Washington (Mt. Vernon, VA: Mt. Vernon Ladies' Association, 1942), p. 275. Tim LaHaye, Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Brentwood, TN: Wolgemuth & Hyatt, Publishers, Inc., 1987), p. 104. Stephen McDowell and Mark Beliles, "The Providential Perspective" (Charlottesville, VA: The Providence Foundation, P.O. Box 6759, Charlottesville, Va. 22906, January 1994), Vol. 9, No. 1, p. 1. Henry M. Morris, "Sweet Land of Liberty" (El Cajon, CA: Institute for Creation Research, Back to Genesis, No. 91, July 1996), p. b.

30.  Washington, George. Attributed. Henry Halley, Halley's Bible Handbook (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1927, 1965), p. 18. James K. Paulding, A Life of Washington (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1835), Vol. II, p. 209. Benjamin Franklin Morris, Christian Life and Character of the Civil Institutions of the United States (Philadelphia: George W. Childs, 1864). Gary DeMar, America's Christian History: The Untold Story (Atlanta, GA: American Vision, Publishers, Inc., 1993), p. 58. Dr. Sterling Lacy, Valley of Decision (Texarkana, TX: Dayspring Productions, 1988), p. 3. Sam Bartholomew, God's Role in America (Nashville, TN: Eggman Publishing Company, 1996), p. 3.

31.  Washington, George. Attributed. Paul F. Boller, Jr. and John George, They Never Said It! (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1989), pp. 126-127.

32.  Washington, George. Last Will and Testament. Original in Fairfax County Courthouse, Fairfax, Virginia. William Barclay Allen, ed., George Washington - A Collection (Indianapolis: Liberty Classics, Liberty Fund, Inc., 7440 N. Shadeland, Indianapolis, Indiana 46250, 1988; based almost entirely on materials reproduced from The Writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745-1799/John Clement Fitzpatrick, editor), pp. 667-679. John Clement Fitzpatrick, ed., The Writings of George Washington, from the Original Manuscript Sources 1749-1799, 39 vols. (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1931-1944).

33.  Jefferson, Thomas. April 21, 1803, in a letter to Dr. Benjamin Rush. The Writings of Thomas Jefferson, Vol. X, p. 379. Albert Ellery Bergh, editor, The Writings of Thomas Jefferson (Washington, D.C.: The Thomas Jefferson Memorial Association, 1904), Vol. X, p. 380. Barnes Mayo, ed., Jefferson Himself - The Personal Narrative of a many-sided American (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1942), pp. 231, 235. Thomas Jefferson, The Life and Selected Writings of Thomas Jefferson, Adrienne Koch and William Paden, eds. (NY: Random House, 1944), p. 567. Norman Cousins, In God We Trust - The Religious Beliefs and Ideas of the American Founding Fathers (NY: Harper & Brothers, 1958), p. 119. Burton Stevenson, The Home Book of Quotations-Classical & Modern (New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1967), pp. 265-266. Library of American Literature, Vol. III, p. 277. Stephen Abbott Northrop, D.D., A Cloud of Witnesses (Portland, OR: American Heritage Ministries, 1987; Mantle Ministries, 228 Still Ridge, Bulverde, Texas), p. 252.

34.  Jefferson, Thomas. April 21, 1803, in a letter to Benjamin Rush. William Linn, The Life of Thomas Jefferson (Ithaca, NY: Mack & Andrus, 1834), p. 265. Norman Cousins, In God We Trust - The Religious Beliefs and Ideas of the American Founding Fathers (NY: Harper & Brothers, 1958), p. 170-171. Richard Maxfield, K. De Lynn Cook, and W. Cleon Skousen, The Real Thomas Jefferson (Washington, D.C.: National Center for Constitutional Studies, 2nd edition, 1981, 1983), pp. 495-496. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and The Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1987), p. 230. Albert Ellery Bergh, editor, The Writings of Thomas Jefferson (Washington, D.C.: The Thomas Jefferson Memorial Association, 1904), Vol. X, pp. 380. Compiled for Senator A. Willis Robertson, Letters of Thomas Jefferson on Religion (Williamsburg, VA: The Williamsburg Foundation, April 27, 1960). Burton Stevenson, The Home Book of Quotations-Classical & Modern (New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1967), p. 266.

35.  Witherspoon, John. 1768-1794. Martha Lou Lemmon Stohlman, John Witherspoon: Parson, Politician, Patriot (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1897), p. 172. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, A Mott Media Book, 1987, 6th printing 1993), p. 83.

36.  Witherspoon, John. 1768-1794. Varnum Lansing Collins, President Witherspoon (New York: Arno Press and The New York Times, 1969), II:229. M.E. Bradford, A Worthy Company (Marlborough, New Hampshire: Plymouth Rock Foundation, 1982). John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, A Mott Media Book, 1987, 6th printing 1993), pp. 83, 87. Stephen K. McDowell and Mark A. Beliles, America's Providential History (Charlottesville, VA: Providence Press, 1988), p. 100.

37.  Witherspoon, John. May 17, 1776, in his sermon entitled, "The Dominion of Providence over the Passions of Men" delivered at The College of New Jersey (Princeton). Varnum Lansing Collins, President Witherspoon (New York: Arno Press and The New York Times, 1969), I:197-98. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, A Mott Media Book, 1987, 6th printing 1993), p. 85. William W. Woodward, The Works of the Rev. John Witherspoon (Philadelphia: 1802), Vol. III, p. 46. Peter Marshall and David Manuel, The Light and the Glory (Old Tappan, NJ: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1977), p. 296. Stephen McDowell and Mark Beliles, "The Providential Perspective" (Charlottesville, VA: The Providence Foundation, P.O. Box 6759, Charlottesville, Va. 22906, January 1994), Vol. 9, No. 1, p. 7. William Safire, ed., Lend Me Your Ears - Great Speeches in History (NY: W.W. Norton & Company 1992), p. 429.

38.  Witherspoon, John. May 17, 1776, in his sermon entitled, "The Dominion of Providence over the Passions of Men." Varnum Lansing Collins, President Witherspoon (New York: Arno Press and The New York Times, 1969), I:197-98. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, A Mott Media Book, 1987, 6th printing 1993), p. 85. The Works of the Rev. John Witherspoon (Philadelphia, William W. Woodward, 1802), Vol. III, p. 46. Stephen McDowell and Mark Beliles, "The Providential Perspective" (Charlottesville, VA: The Providence Foundation, P.O. Box 6759, Charlottesville, Va. 22906, January 1994), Vol. 9, No. 1, p. 7. William Safire, ed., Lend Me Your Ears - Great Speeches in History (NY: W.W. Norton & Company 1992), p. 430. Rosalie Slater, Teaching and Learning America's Christian Heritage (San Francisco: Foundation for American Christian Education, American Revolution Bicentennial Edition, 1975), p. 249.

39.  Witherspoon, John. John Witherspoon, Roger Schultz, "Covenanting in America: The Political Theology of John Witherspoon," Master's Thesis, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, Deerfield, Illinois, 1985, pp. 113, 124. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, A Mott Media Book, 1987, 6th printing 1993), pp. 90-91.

40.  Witherspoon, John. Martha Lou Lemmon Stohlman, John Witherspoon: Parson, Politician, Patriot (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1897), p. 105. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, A Mott Media Book, 1987, 6th printing 1993), p. 87.

41.  Witherspoon, John. John Witherspoon, "Address to the Natives of Scotland residing in America." Varnum Lansing Collins, President Witherspoon (New York: Arno Press and The New York Times, 1969), I:223-227. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, A Mott Media Book, 1987, 6th printing 1993), p. 86.

42. Witherspoon, John. John Witherspoon, "Pastoral Letter." Roger Schultz, "Covenanting in America: The Political Theology of John Witherspoon," Master's Thesis, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, Deerfield, Illinois, 1985, p. 106. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, A Mott Media Book, 1987, 6th printing 1993), p. 91.

43.  Witherspoon, John. Edward Frank Humphrey, Nationalism and Religion (Boston: Chipman Law Publishing Co., 1924), p. 85. Peter Marshall and David Manuel, The Glory of America (Bloomington, MN: Garborg's Heart'N Home, Inc., 1991), 2.5.

44.  Witherspoon, John. John Witherspoon, "The Absolute Necessity of Salvation through Christ," delivered in a sermon while pastor of Laigh Kirk in Paisley, Scotland, 1757-1768. Martha Lou Lemmon Stohlman, John Witherspoon: Parson, Politician, Patriot (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1897), p. 41. Varnum Lansing Collins, President Witherspoon (New York: Arno Press and The New York Times, 1969), I:47. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, A Mott Media Book, 1987, 6th printing 1993), p. 82.

45. Witherspoon, John. John Witherspoon, "Thanksgiving Sermon." Roger Schultz, "Covenanting in America: The Political Theology of John Witherspoon," Master's Thesis, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, Deerfield, Illinois, 1985, p. 119. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, A Mott Media Book, 1987, 6th printing 1993), pp. 91-92.

46.  Witherspoon, John. John Witherspoon, "The Absolute Necessity of Salvation through Christ," delivered in a sermon while pastor of Laigh Kirk in Paisley, Scotland, 1757-1768. Martha Lou Lemmon Stohlman, John Witherspoon: Parson, Politician, Patriot (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1897), p. 41. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, A Mott Media Book, 1987, 6th printing 1993), p. 82.

47.  Witherspoon, John. John Witherspoon, "The Absolute Necessity of Salvation through Christ," delivered in a sermon while pastor of Laigh Kirk in Paisley, Scotland, 1757-1768. Martha Lou Lemmon Stohlman, John Witherspoon: Parson, Politician, Patriot (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1897), p. 41. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, A Mott Media Book, 1987, 6th printing 1993), p. 82.

48.  Witherspoon, John. Ashabel Green, The Life of the Rev. John Witherspoon (Princeton: Princeton University Press, reprinted 1973, p. 173. Roger Schultz, "Covenanting in America: The Political Theology of John Witherspoon," Master's Thesis, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, Deerfield, Illinois, 1985, p. 93. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, A Mott Media Book, 1987, 6th printing 1993), p. 92.

49.  Witherspoon, John. Roger Schultz, "Covenanting in America: The Political Theology of John Witherspoon," Master's Thesis, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, Deerfield, Illinois, 1985, p. 104. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, A Mott Media Book, 1987, 6th printing 1993), p. 89.

50.  Witherspoon, John. Roger Schultz, "Covenanting in America: The Political Theology of John Witherspoon," Master's Thesis, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, Deerfield, Illinois, 1985, p. 111. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, A Mott Media Book, 1987, 6th printing 1993), p. 89.

51.  Witherspoon, John. John Witherspoon, "Sermon on the Dominion of Providence." William McAulay Hosmer, "Of Divine Providence in Our Declaration of Independence" (Hosmer Enterprises: P.O. Box 846, San Carlos, California 94070, 1980), p. 15. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, A Mott Media Book, 1987, 6th printing 1993), p. 86.

52.  Witherspoon, John. John Witherspoon, Lectures on Divinity. Roger Schultz, "Covenanting in America: The Political Theology of John Witherspoon," Master's Thesis, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, Deerfield, Illinois, 1985, p. 132. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, A Mott Media Book, 1987, 6th printing 1993), p. 89.

53. Witherspoon, John. Roger Schultz, "Covenanting in America: The Political Theology of John Witherspoon," Master's Thesis, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, Deerfield, Illinois, 1985, pp. 95-96. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, A Mott Media Book, 1987, 6th printing 1993), pp. 88-89.

54. Witherspoon, John. Martha Lou Lemmon Stohlman, John Witherspoon: Parson, Politician, Patriot (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1897), p. 129. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, A Mott Media Book, 1987, 6th printing 1993), p. 86.

55. Witherspoon, John. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, A Mott Media Book, 1987, 6th printing 1993), p. 87.

56. Witherspoon, John. John Adams. Roger Schultz, "Covenanting in America: The Political Theology of John Witherspoon," Master's Thesis, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, Deerfield, Illinois, 1985, p. 149. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution - The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, A Mott Media Book, 1987, 6th printing 1993), p. 92.

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